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Research term
Blinding / masking
When participants, researchers, or both are kept unaware of assigned treatments to reduce bias.
Research term
Clinical trial
Research involving people that evaluates an approach to prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. Participation does not guarantee a health benefit.
Research term
Eligibility criteria
The requirements a person must meet to join a particular study. The research team checks these against the study’s protocol.
Research term
Informed consent
A process of learning about a study, asking questions, and voluntarily deciding whether to participate. It involves more than signing a form.
Research term
Institutional review board
A group that reviews research involving people to help protect participants’ rights and welfare. Often called an IRB.
Research term
Observational study
Research that observes participants and their outcomes without assigning a treatment or intervention as part of the study.
Research term
Placebo
An inactive comparison product used in some studies. Ask whether a study uses one and what that means for your care.
Research term
Principal investigator
The person leading the research team and responsible for the conduct of the study at a site. Often called the PI.